translation: turning research into impacts

 

Towards human-like perception: Learning structural causal model in heterogeneous graph

In recent years, the growing demand for modeling complex systems has brought heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) into the spotlight. However, existing methods often suffer from fixed inference processes and spurious correlations, limiting their interpretability and generalization ability. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel heterogeneous graph learning framework that simulates human perception and decision-making processes, enhancing both predictive performance and interpretability.

 

Exploring Women’s Health Information Literacy with AI: A South Asian Study

The relationship between AI and people’s health information is increasingly significant, and AI chatbot provides significantly more accurate answers to patients. However, while technology can help, it is up to people to decide how they want to use it. Even an AI tool like ChatGPT says “ChatGPT can make mistakes. Consider checking important information.” Using AI tools to make health-related decisions requires a good understanding of the information these tools provide. The project “AI and Health Information Literacy: A study exploring the perceived usefulness, and readiness among women in South Asia” aims to address the questions like “How do women in South Asia (SA) perceive the usefulness of AI in enhancing health information literacy?” and “What  factors  influence  their  readiness  to  adopt AI-driven health  information technologies?”

 

Information Avoidance: Out of the Shadow of Information Seeking

Up till now our understanding of information avoidance has remained fragmentary.  Researchers have been unable to give a single coherent definition of what IA actually is. With our critical conceptual review of IA, we sought to address this oversight by theorizing IA as an instance of human information practice—distinct from, but co-existing dynamically with information seeking.

  

Difficult to Know If You Can Rely on Or Use Your Data? Look for Paradata to Understand Better

These days, everything from the every day choices we make to major scientific discoveries is increasingly relying on data. But how often do we stop and ask: Can we trust this data? How was it created? Who has changed it and how? Why should—or should not—we rely on it?

  

Governing Misinformation

This translation of the authors’ recent ARIST review, “Sociotechnical Governance of Misinformation,” highlights the urgency and importance of empirical research on misinformation governance to inform decision-making and policy-making in support of a healthier information environment.

  

A New Critical Lens to Examine Factors Influencing Differences in Global Scholarly Communication Experiences

If scholars’ research outputs are high quality and add to knowledge in a field of scientific study, why should their geographical location or any aspect of their identity matter? Evidence demonstrates that cognitive and ideological differences are beneficial to research. Unfortunately, experience and the literature show differences between scholars’ geographical locations or their identities and their ability to obtain, produce, and distribute research outputs. The disparities can be described by focusing on geopolitical positions, such as low- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries, or differences can be examined through a racial or ethnic lens, or any number of ways we identify individuals or groups of people.

Frontiers: Reaching Beyond Human Knowledge

   

Looking Backwards to See Ahead: The Case of Expert Systems Development in Libraries

During the current moment, as generative AI dominates our thinking, both for its extraordinary performance and serious flaws, a new direction is needed. The way forward may involve looking backward. The addressing the deficiencies of generative AI would benefit from reviewing, and incorporating, some of the lessons from expert system development during the late 20th century.

  

Unmasking Health Myths: Crafting Quality Standards Against Online Misinformation and Disinformation.

COVID-19 has become the catalyst of health MIDI (misinformation and disinformation) on the World Wide Web. It is difficult for people to know what to believe. If people act on wrong information, their health may get worse. We need to be ready when the next health emergency comes. We need to know how to find good health information.

  

Mental Health and Title IX: Challenging Privacy and Transparency

How transparent are universities about mental health resources and student privacy relative to Title IX? What are best practices for information dissemination relative to these resources? What should students know about privacy, transparency, and mental health relative to Title IX?

Opinion: Scholarly Ideas, Scientific Curiosity, Bold Propositions

 

Professional Qualifications Matrix: An Ongoing Debate on Matching Information Science Education with the Market Needs

Christina J. Steffy and Meg Massey wrote in the October 2024 issue of C&RL News about a challenge that has plagued Information Science education and professional librarians for many years. They specifically focus on one job position at the American Library Association (ALA) and pose reasonable questions to all of us. Can the specialized training of library schools (even if they are innovative and have joined the iSchool movement) prepare graduates for the jobs available in the ALA? Is it not possible to find a person who is more qualified to hold the desired job among the graduates of the adjacent fields, such as Computer Science and Management? Basically, should librarians run the ALA?

   

Looking Backwards to See Ahead: The Case of Expert Systems Development in Libraries

During the current moment, as generative AI dominates our thinking, both for its extraordinary performance and serious flaws, a new direction is needed. The way forward may involve looking backward. The addressing the deficiencies of generative AI would benefit from reviewing, and incorporating, some of the lessons from expert system development during the late 20th century.

Social Media Decorative Image
 

Social Media is Killing Our Tribes

Social media has not helped us build a strong and resilient tribe with diverse skills and resources. It is now simply geared to help us find others that “like” the same things as we do, which is not the connection points for tribes.

Education: Bring Learning and Enlightenment to your Life

  

The Timeless Charm of R.K. Narayan’s Literary World

Narayan’s influence extends beyond fiction; his essays and memoir offer profound insights into Indian culture, society, and his own life. His memoir, “My Days,” provides a candid glimpse into his life, offering readers a deeper understanding of the man behind the pen. Despite international acclaim, Narayan stayed true to his Indian identity, avoiding literary trends and focusing on universal truths. His commitment to authenticity earned widespread respect.

  

Libraries Aren’t Dying—They’re Leading the Tech Revolution

The library is a technological hub where cutting-edge devices are introduced to the world. Contrary to the unpopular rumour, especially prevalent in Africa, that libraries are outdated and librarians’ services are no longer needed, the library is a phoenix that evolves and adapts to the emerging modern world. Today, it is more relevant than ever, especially with the growing digital divide caused by socio-economic disparities, geographical disadvantages, infrastructure inequality, skillset deficiencies, age factors, and more.

 

From Pictures to Pages: Embarking on New Reading Adventures

Children’s literature plays a pivotal role in early childhood development, serving as a tool for language acquisition, imagination, emotional growth, and cognitive development. A significant milestone in a child’s reading journey is the transition from picture books to chapter books. This shift marks a leap in cognitive abilities, attention span, and engagement with narratives. Understanding this transition helps parents, educators, and authors support young readers during this critical stage.

  

Cross-Border Collaboration: A Decade of Advancing Tibetan Studies

In 2023, a significant milestone was celebrated as the University of Toronto Libraries and Columbia University Libraries marked a decade of partnership in Tibetan Studies collection development and services. This collaboration stemmed from a shared recognition of Tibetan Studies’ historical marginalization in North America, attributed to factors such as geopolitical complexities and the dominance of mainstream disciplines. Together, the two institutions embarked on a mission to address this disparity, striving to increase access to Tibetan resources and foster interdisciplinary dialogue among scholars on both sides of the border.

  

Teaching Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities in China: Strategies and Challenges

Individuals with intellectual disabilities require long-term education in specialized schools or institutions due to their unique learning needs and behavioral habits. Teachers with specialized training are essential in their education process. Based on volunteer experience at non-governmental organizations (NGOs) serving individuals with intellectual disabilities, we summarize common teaching strategies employed by teachers and challenges encountered in teaching to present the landscape of special education in China and to enlighten future LIS research.

 

Alerting the Imagination: Rethinking Triggers in Publishing

In the evolving landscape of literature, ‘triggers’ serve as alerts for potentially distressing content, sparking debates on the delicate balance between reader well-being and freedom of expression. While aiming to create a safer reading experience, ‘triggers’ face criticism for potentially stifling intellectual growth and creative exploration. The ongoing debate questions whether these cautionary measures infringe on artistic expression and personal choice, akin to warning labels on tobacco products.

Spanish: Contenido en español

 

¿Qué significa ser inteligente?

En las últimas dos décadas, la IA ha avanzado a pasos agigantados hasta el punto de que estamos hablando seriamente de que es tan inteligente como los humanos o incluso que los supera. Pero antes de dejarnos llevar demasiado por esa emoción o ese miedo, es importante que miremos hacia dentro y nos preguntemos: ¿qué nos hace inteligentes, conscientes y humanos?

 

Obsesión con los Robots Asesinos como Autorreflexión

Robots asesinos. Inteligencia artificial distópica. Rebeliones de máquinas. ¿Por qué nos fascina tanto la idea de que nuestros aparatos se vuelvan contra nosotros? En este artículo, desentraño nuestra obsesión con el ascenso de las máquinas y demuestro que gran parte de su atractivo es en realidad la proyección de nuestros propios miedos y dilemas.

 

Desarrollo de competencias de búsqueda de información en línea en escolares

las competencias para la investigación en línea de los estudiantes en Chile, no necesariamente están suficientemente desarrolladas para abordar sus tareas escolares.

Chinese Content

 

像人类一样感知:异构图中的结构因果模型学习

近年来,随着复杂系统建模需求的增长,异构图神经网络逐渐成为研究热点。然而,现有方法通常存在固定推理流程和虚假相关性等问题,限制了模型的可解释性和泛化能力。为此,我们提出了一种新颖的异构图学习框架,通过模拟人类感知与决策过程,增强对任务的预测性能与结果解释能力。 核心研究思路 我们提出的方法基于以下关键步骤: 1.语义变量构建:通过图模式与元路径提取出易于人类理解的语义变量,例如论文、作者和会议等。2.因果关系挖掘:采用结构方程模型,自动发现变量之间的因果关系,并利用学习到的因果关系进行预测。3.目标任务预测:通过逆推算法,将语义变量的因果关系转化为目标任务的预测结果。 数据集与实验验证 研究在三个公开数据集(DBLP、ACM和IMDB)上进行了验证,这些数据集涵盖学术、社交和电影推荐等多种场景: DBLP:预测作者的研究领域。ACM:预测论文的学术类别。IMDB:预测电影的类型。 通过引入三种偏差(同质性、度分布、特征分布),验证了模型在不同数据分布下的泛化能力。实验表明,提出的模型在所有设置下表现稳定,泛化能力显著优于现有方法。 主要研究成果 1.泛化性:模型在不同偏差条件下保持较高的预测性能,表现出卓越的适应能力。 2.可解释性:通过因果关系图清晰展示变量间的影响逻辑。例如,作者研究领域与发表论文的会议密切相关,模型捕捉到这一直观规律,并验证了因果推理结果与专家经验的一致性。 实际应用前景 该框架在技术挖掘、金融分析、政策评估等领域具有广泛应用潜力。例如,通过因果关系图辅助技术创新决策,或在金融分析中解释影响因素以提升透明度。此外,其高度可解释性为改进模型逻辑、提升可信度提供了可能性。 总结 异构图学习正在为复杂系统建模与分析带来新的可能性。本研究通过结合因果推理技术与异构图神经网络,不仅实现了对复杂任务的准确预测,还增强了对模型推理过程的理解,为人工智能在实际问题中的应用提供了新的视角。 本文基于以下成果写作完成: Lin, T., Song, K.,

 

跨学科协作下的文化传承:历代古籍目录的数据管护

自先秦诸子开宗立派、传授学说以来,历代学者承袭旧学,开辟新篇,所著经史辞章,累若山海。因此,目录之学成为“学中第一紧要事”,古代读书人从目录中获得“即类求书,因书究学”的治学要领;今天要进入古籍的世界,我们更需要问途于目录。

 

信任,但需核实:我们能使LLMs值得信赖吗?

我相信我们想要信任并使用这些系统,但我们不应该盲目这样做。